While wind turbines started out fairly simple, they have evolved into some of the largest and most complex rotating machines in the world.
The biggest wind energy turbines, such as the 15 megawatts turbines now being developed, are reserved for offshore farms. Offshore sites have two key strengths: strong winds and remote locations that are hidden from sight. “Large offshore projects help reach our global sustainability targets quicker,” says the European Investment Bank’s Smyrnakis. “That's why we have focused and will focus on offshore wind in the coming years.”
Most offshore wind turbines are anchored to the seabed near the coast. According to the International Energy Agency, ‘bottom-fixed’ offshore wind has the potential to meet the world’s total energy needs.
Offshore wind farms now pepper the North and Baltic Seas and new installations are planned.
“We are in the final stages of preparing a large-scale project that will significantly change Poland’s energy mix,” says Daniel Obajtek, chief executive officer of ORLEN, one of the companies that will implement the first offshore wind farm in Poland, one of the largest in the world.
Jointly developed by a consortium led by Baltic Power, the project will produce 1 140 megawatts of power, when it is completed in 2026. That’s enough power for 6 million homes. Baltic Power, which is co-owned by ORLEN and Northland Power, is backed by a €610 million loan from the European Investment Bank.
New wind power installations are also planned in the previously uncharted waters of the Mediterranean.
“Spain, Portugal, France and Greece are planning large scale floating offshore wind farms and Italy will come next probably,” Smyrnakis says. “Italy is already working on fixed-bottom offshore wind farm, so these are the new markets that we expect to see in Europe.”